Python operators

Python operators are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. Operators are used to manipulate data in various ways, such as performing arithmetic, comparisons, or logical operations. Python has several types of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators:

These are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Operator	Description	Example
+	Addition	10+2 →12
–	Subtraction	10-2 → 8
*	Multiplication	10*2 → 20
/	Division (returns float)	10/2 → 5
//	Floor Division (returns int)	11 // 2 → 5
%	Modulus (remainder)	11 % 2 → 1
**	Exponentiation (power)	10 ** 2 → 100

2. Comparison (Relational) Operators:

These operators compare two values and return a Boolean result (True or False).

Operator	Description	Example
==	Equal to	10 == 10 → True
!=	Not equal to	10 != 2 → True
>	Greater than	10 > 2 → True
<	Less than	10 < 2 → False
>=	Greater than or equal	10 >= 2 → True
<=	Less than or equal	10 <= 2 → False
**	Exponentiation (power)	10 ** 2 → 100

3. Assignment Operators:

These operators are used to assign values to variables.

Operator	Description	Example
=	Assign	x = 10
+=	Add and assign	x += 10 → x = x + 10
-=	Subtract and assign	x -= 10 → x = x – 10
*=	Multiply and assign	x *= 10 → x = x * 10
/=	Divide and assign	x /= 10 → x = x / 10
%	Modulus (remainder)	11 % 2 → 1
//=	Floor divide and assign	x //= 10 → x = x // 10
%=	Modulus and assign	x %= 10 → x = x % 10
**=	Exponentiation and assign	x **= 10 → x = x ** 10

4. Logical Operators:

These operators are used to perform logical operations and return Boolean values.

Operator	Description	Example
and	Logical AND (both conditions must be True)	True and False → False
or	Logical OR (at least one condition is True)	True or False → True
not	Logical NOT (negates the condition)	not True → False

5. Bitwise Operators:

These operators work on bits and perform bit-by-bit operations.

Operator	Description	Example
&	Bitwise AND	5 & 3 → 1
or	Logical OR (at least one condition is True)	True or False → True
		Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise XOR	5 ^ 3 → 6
~	Bitwise NOT	~5 → -6
<<	Left Shift	5 << 1 → 10
>>	Right Shift	5 >> 1 → 2

6. Identity Operators:

These operators check if two objects are identical (i.e., refer to the same memory location).

Operator	Description	Example
is	True if both refer to the same object	x is y
is not	True if they refer to different objects	x is not y

7. Membership Operators:

These operators test if a sequence (like a list, string, or tuple) contains a value.

Operator	Description	Example
in	True if value is in sequence	‘a’ in [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’] → True
not in	True if value is not in sequence	‘x’ not in [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’] → True

8. Ternary (Conditional) Operator:

This operator allows you to execute expressions conditionally in a single line.

Syntax:

result = value_if_true if condition else value_if_false

Example:

age = 20
status = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"
print(status)  # Output: Adult