In C#, operators are special symbols or keywords that are used to perform operations on variables and values. Operators are an essential part of C# programming, enabling developers to manipulate data and variables efficiently.
An operator in C# performs specific mathematical, logical, or bitwise operations, such as addition, subtraction, comparison, and more. They work with operands (variables, values, or expressions) to produce a result.
1. Arithmetic Operators
These operators are used for performing basic mathematical operations.
Example:
int a = 20;
int b = 5;
Console.WriteLine(a + b); // Output: 25 (Addition)
Console.WriteLine(a - b); // Output: 15 (Subtraction)
Console.WriteLine(a * b); // Output: 100 (Multiplication)
Console.WriteLine(a / b); // Output: 4 (Division)
Console.WriteLine(a % b); // Output: 0 (Remainder)
Note:
- When dividing two integers (int type), C# performs integer division and discards any fractional part.
- To get a floating-point result, one of the operands must be a floating-point type (e.g., double or float).
2. Relational (Comparison) Operators
These operators are used to compare two values. They return a boolean value (true or false).
Example:
int a = 20;
int b = 5;
Console.WriteLine(a == b); // Output: false
Console.WriteLine(a != b); // Output: true
Console.WriteLine(a > b); // Output: true
Console.WriteLine(a < b); // Output: false
Console.WriteLine(a >= b); // Output: true
Console.WriteLine(a <= b); // Output: false
3. Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.
Example:
bool a = true;
bool b = false;
Console.WriteLine(a && b); // Output: False (Both must be true)
Console.WriteLine(a || b); // Output: True (At least one is true)
Console.WriteLine(!a); // Output: False (Reverses the value)
4. Assignment Operators
These are used to assign values to variables. Some assignment operators combine arithmetic operations with assignment.
Example:
int a = 20;
a += 10; // a = a + 10 => num = 30
a -= 5; // a = a - 5 => a = 25
a *= 2; // a = a * 2 => a = 50
a /= 5; // a = a / 5 => a = 10
Console.WriteLine(a); // Output: 10
5. Ternary Operator
This is a shorthand for an if-else statement.
Syntax:
condition ? expression_if_true : expression_if_false
Example:
int age = 19;
string result = (age >= 18) ? 'Adult': 'Not Adult';
Console.WriteLine(result); // Output: Adult
6. Unary Operators
These operators operate on a single operand.
Example:
int x = 20;
Console.WriteLine(++x); // Output: 21 (Pre-increment)
Console.WriteLine(x++); // Output: 21 (Post-increment)
Console.WriteLine(x); // Output: 22 (x is now 22)